Marine Mammals of Faxaflói Bay

Humpback whales are large baleen whales belonging to the rorqual family. They are classified into a separate genus called Megaptera or “big-winged”. Humpback whales are the only member of this genus, although recent studies have shown that they are most closely related to the fin whale of all other rorquals. Their most defining characteristics are their enormously long pectoral fins as well as the fact they are stockier in shape than other rorquals and have a relatively large head and broad tail. Humpback whales have charmed whale-watchers throughout the world, as they are extremely curious about seafarers and frequently perform aerial displays such as breaching and slapping the water with their fins and tails.

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White-beaked dolphins are toothed whales belonging to the dolphin family and are one of the most common whales found by
the shores of Iceland. White-beaked dolphins are solidly built and more thickset than other species of dolphins, a characteristic
of smaller whales that have adapted to colder habitats. White-beaked dolphins are most often seen in smaller groups, although
occasionally several groups will merge into larger pods with over 1,500 animals. Its name is derived from its light-coloured or
white beak. White-beaked dolphins are very curious and often swim in the bow waves alongside fast ships and boats thus a common companion of whale watchers in Faxaflói bay.

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Killer whales (Orcinus orca), or orcas, are toothed whales belonging to the dolphin family. They are the largest dolphin species, reaching lengths of up to 10 m (33 ft.) and weights of up to 10 tonnes. The black and white colouring, robust body and tall dorsal fin give the whales a somewhat chilling yet majestic and beautiful appearance. They are often called the “wolfs of the sea” due to their often cruel hunting methods. They are most definitely at the top of the food chain. Killer whales hunt in packs and are highly organised. Younger animals in the group are taught specialised hunting tactics by the older animals. During training, the young animals are allowed to practice with the half-unconscious prey, which makes it seem as though the whales are playing with the prey for no reason. The real reason involves training. Killer whales are unbelievably willing to learn, have developed quite complex communication system and also form lifelong, deep ties within the group.

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Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) are the largest animals ever to have lived on Earth, reaching lengths of up to 30 meters (98 feet) and weights of up to 200 tonnes. These massive baleen whales have long, streamlined bodies that appear bluish-gray when seen from above and lighter underneath. Despite their immense size, blue whales are graceful swimmers, moving efficiently through the ocean with powerful tail strokes. Their deep, resonant calls can travel for miles underwater, making them one of the loudest animals on the planet. Feeding primarily on tiny krill, a single blue whale can consume up to 4 tonnes of these crustaceans daily during peak feeding season.

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Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) are one of the two seal species commonly found in Iceland, along with the grey seal. These medium-sized seals reach lengths of up to 1.8 meters (6 feet) and weights of around 130 kilograms (290 pounds). Their coats vary in color from light gray to brown, often covered in distinctive spots and patterns. Harbour seals are known for their dog-like faces and large, dark eyes, giving them an endearing appearance. They prefer coastal waters, hauling out on sandy beaches, rocky shores, and estuaries to rest and give birth. Agile swimmers and skilled hunters, they primarily feed on fish and crustaceans, using their sensitive whiskers to detect prey in murky waters.

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